Research Paper Topics For Anatomy

Research Paper Topics For AnatomyThere are several things you can do to research paper topics for anatomy. At the end of this article you will discover more about the techniques to use.Just like when you are studying any subject, make sure you are doing the research from the same place that the subject is being studied. That way you are not confused in the mind of the examiner. It is also a good idea to look up the subject before you actually go to the site. Read up on the topic on a search engine and see what others have found out. You should also take the time to read up on the information that is on the internet, this includes having a look at how people have written about it.You might also be interested in reading up on some interesting things about the subject. If you do this, you may find out more about the history of the topic and how things have changed. This is something that will help you when you are writing your research paper topics for anatomy.One of the easiest ways to research paper topics for anatomy is to do some research on the subject. In this day and age it is easy to find information on almost anything you wish to know about, including anything related to anatomy.You can use the net to help you find information on anatomy. You can get ideas for topics for your research paper topics for anatomy from the net or perhaps use the resources that are available at the internet. Doing a little bit of research on any topic will help you when you are writing your research paper topics for anatomy.If you find that you are not having a lot of luck with the online resources, you can try going to the library and using a library card. This is a great idea because it is free, and many libraries offer free card on the internet.If you want to research paper topics for anatomy then try some of these methods first. It might be worth a try.

The End of Topics for Essay Competition

<h1> The End of Topics for Essay Competition </h1> <h2> Using Topics for Essay Competition </h2> <p>This issue of any paper is among the most essential qualities that characterize its prosperity. Settling on your theme isn't so natural. Papers must be the result of a solitary person. Enticing paper is likewise called the contention exposition. </p> <p>you have a guide and get thoughts regarding how to manage your paper. What you ought to do is to discuss the point. An extraordinary exposition ought to have fundamental focuses. You may keep on saving your factious papers for your forthcoming activity portfolio on the off chance that they're profoundly evaluated. </p> <p>The Essay Topics list is furnished for English alongside Hindi area. Following are a few kinds of article points for understudies that are ordered in numerous segments so you can without much of a stretch picked the subject as indicated by your need and requirement.</p> <p>Although it's normal, understudy needs to discover option to become prevalent evaluations. A ton of understudies put on a uniform. Another explanation is to see how well understudies contend on different perspectives and show comprehension of the contemplated subject. Frequently understudies get into a lot of worry to get the right theme for the paper. </p> <h2> A History of Topics for Essay Competition Refuted</h2> <p>Read the absolute first and last passages of each article preceding beginning. Initially, you must know about the best possible configuration of exposition composing. So far as exposition structure goes, a 4 or 5 section article dependent on the quantity of focuses you may wish to contend is a magnificent beginning. Commonly, a structure of exposition contains three boss segments, as it were, presentation, body, and end. </p> <p>Essay composing isn't only a procedure of scholarly evaluation, yet furthermore a craftsmanship. Top 13 papers will get space on the site underneath your initiation. One, we apply an amazingly cautious assortment of our journalists. Youthful journalists may give straightforward a shot line reference generators which are usually at no expense. </p> <p>Ideas shouldn't be put together in an undistinguishable wreckage which has neither rhyme nor reason. Classifications, exposition themes might be partitioned into. Making a framework is a noteworthy bit of composing. Expounding on atomic weapons is consistently a good thought. </p> <p>If you don't have a desire to sit around on picking the best theme and composing the whole contentious article without any preparation, remember that you've a dedicated gathering of experts close by. On the off chance that it's a gathering of individuals joined by one thought, at that point it's an astonishing way to figure o ut how to speak with others and think about their assessments. Choosing a point is a fundamental issue that incompletely evaluates last achievement of the activity. Taking as much time as necessary to pick the ideal influencer that is an incredible fit for your image is probably going to make the message significantly progressively convincing. </p> <p>Promoting items by means of person to person communication influencers can be ordered as a sort of subliminal promoting. The antitrust laws need to verify that industry is serious, with a few producers or merchants of product and administrations all endeavoring to draw clients. Rivalry likewise makes open doors for people to go into the commercial center and start new organizations. </p> <p>Competition likewise brings about misuse. It is the image of social and monetary advancement. It now and again prompts strife. Notwithstanding the chance to feel happiness, or to discover new companions, it can likewise promp t pressure or fixation on a contender. </p> <p>You should take a gander at an undertaking to find a topic not an issue but rather a chance and even an advantage. Presently is a noteworthy second in time for Texans to consider what history in their locale is well worth sparing. Our essential objective is to improve understudies' lives over the world. Subsequently, the best point of antitrust laws is to defend shoppers' buying force and spare employments and organizations, all at the indistinguishable second. </p> <h2> How to Choose Topics for Essay Competition</h2> <p>By doing this you're ready to effortlessly complete the unmistakable paper. At the point when it respects balance hypothesis, it's critical to consider consistently and investigate an issue altogether. Balance hypothesis is comprehended to be an explanatory methodology to gain proficiency with the purpose of issue in a discussion. </p>

Examples of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture

<h1>Examples of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture</h1><p>A look into paper on natural farming resembles a decent book. It must be composed cautiously and helpfully, and must present significant data and investigation that will convince the peruser to make a move. In this way, you need your examination paper to contain instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture, which can give the peruser further knowledge into what you are expounding on. Considering that, here are a couple ideas.</p><p></p><p>You will discover numerous instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture on the World Wide Web. In any case, when you begin searching for a model, you might need to glance in different regions other than natural agribusiness. For instance, in the event that you are expounding on a specific kind of nourishment preparing, you will need to incorporate instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture in those so rts of handling plants.</p><p></p><p>If you are expounding on explicit fields inside a specific industry, you will need to remember explicit models for that industry. For instance, in the event that you are expounding on the bundling of dairy items, you might need to incorporate instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture in bundling plants. The thought is to utilize models that are illustrative of that specific industry. For instance, you may have a case of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture in bundling plants that utilizes soy, yet not in the dairy plant.</p><p></p><p>When you are expounding on nourishment handling plants, you might need to incorporate instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture in cheddar making plants. Cheddar making plants produce everything from yogurt and cheddar to yogurt and watermelon; so they are surely not equivalent to dairy plants. The instances of an APA Research Pap er in Organic Agriculture that you remember for the cheddar making model should be illustrative of cheddar making plants as a whole.</p><p></p><p>Examples of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture in advertising plants are significant on the grounds that they help the peruser envision how their issues and concerns could be settled. For instance, you should utilize instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture in retail locations. This is particularly evident on the off chance that you are talking about issues of restricted gracefully, for example, dry spell, which is probably going to be a worry in California.</p><p></p><p>You will likewise discover numerous instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture in nourishment producing plants. For instance, on the off chance that you are expounding on the best way to lessen squander in bundling, you will need to incorporate instances of an APA Research Paper in Or ganic Agriculture in nourishment bundling plants. Be that as it may, be mindful so as not to incorporate instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture in nourishment bundling plants that give an out of line preferred position to the maker, yet rather, work to help the consumers.</p><p></p><p>Finally, another approach to find out about a horticultural practice is to find out about the individuals who are utilizing that training. You can find out about the ranchers in your general vicinity, and the effect that they are having on their condition. In any case, you won't have the option to learn as much as possible gain from perusing the instances of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture that you are using.</p><p></p><p>Examples of an APA Research Paper in Organic Agriculture can assist you with seeing why a training has been chosen. Furthermore, you will find out about another or existing rural practice that the business can use to help diminish waste and increment efficiency.</p>

Writing Essay What Do You Want to Be Considered Gifted at Exposed

<h1> Writing Essay What Do You Want to Be Considered Gifted at Exposed</h1> <p>Now you should give them with the task to deal with yet haven't any thought what point to pick. Article Question Art is viewed as a significant segment of a general public and a statement of its way of life. The theme likewise should be intriguing. Select a particular subject that you might want to expound on. </p> <h2> Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Writing Essay What Do You Want to Be Considered Gifted at </h2> <p>With time, your child's evaluation level recorded as a hard copy will start to all the more precisely mirror their scholarly capacities. Schools don't generally list this approach on their site or in their application materials, thusly it is hard to have a broad rundown. </p> <h2>The Unexpected Truth About Writing Essay What Do You Want to Be Considered Gifted at </h2> <p>This can be especially evident in the field of English composition. Regardless of whether for class assignments or as a major aspect of the school application strategy, choosing the right article points is fundamental for your evaluations or determination. Among the most discussed subjects in the US is the most ideal approach to introduce moderate human services to the majority. </p> <p>Or There are a few grown-up books that are perfect for kids. It's a poor idea to divert in a paper from school in the event that you are out of school a very long while. A couple of the narratives understudies have made are entirely clever. Over the long haul, exceptional youngsters should be given uncommon program to give them with the edge and redirect them from different interests that aren't helpful to them alongside the educators. </p> <h2> What Writing Essay What Do You Want to Be Considered Gifted at Is - and What it Is Not</h2> <p>It should introduce a thorough thought of the subject and should give the entirety of the data that a general peruser requires. You have to discover the sort of crowd that you might want to dazzle. A total reference likewise should be provided in the reference list toward the end. Skilled and gifted youths must be locked in and even tested so as to accomplish their full instructive potential. </p> <p>Chil dren must have an equalization of all subjects so as to encourage a healthy improvement both intellectually and genuinely. Your child or little girl may likewise need to make a web or an official blueprint now dependent on age and school necessities. </p> <h2>Characteristics of Writing Essay What Do You Want to Be Considered Gifted at </h2> <p>The theme sentence is normally the absolute first sentence in a section. A section is a gathering of sentences connected to parts of precisely the same point. It could wind up containing just one sentence. Eventually, incorporate an end sentence at the finish of the passage. </p> <p>If, regardless of study and generally excellent expectations, you can't get your article composed, or even began, you have to tell your coach at whatever point conceivable. To make it less difficult for you to figure your own paper prompts here are a couple of models. Subsequently, your article must be intriguing and connecting e nough if you have to lure your perusers. Most articles can be improved by a comprehensive edit.</p> <p>Within your early on section, a useful exposition should consolidate a straightforward and effortlessly comprehended proposition articulation all together for your crowd has an away from when perusing the rest of the paper. When composing an instructive paper, on the off chance that you don't move your crowd in the absolute first passage, you're not prone to get them to peruse further with much eagerness. Before you present the subject for your useful paper, you wish to make certain your crowd comprehends why they wish to know the subtleties which you are going to introduce. </p> <p>It is the chief bit of the paper. With a 100 word grant article, you should hop in the postulation as quickly as could be expected under the circumstances. Paper themes may adjust in numerous points of view. The paper score isn't a part of the 400-1600 score. </p> <h2> The Argument About Writing Essay What Do You Want to Be Considered Gifted at </h2> <p>It isn't likely that you're probably going to add far to an educational article with a hazy reason since you don't have a clue whether the information is truly important in your situation. Despite the fact that, it's additionally critical to teach the lion's share, unique thought likewise should be gone to uncommon youngsters as there's an excellent regard for the slow-witted moreover. There are a few purposes behind this. There should be definitely no analysis now. </p> <p>Now envision composing each one of those perplexing thoughts and extraordinary emotions on paper in a way that you, notwithstanding other people, can comprehend. Revamp the exposition as indicated by that reexamined arrangement and oppose the tendency to freeze in the inside, destroy this and start once more. Passionate soundness is fundamental in a marriage. Set forth plainly, self-viability is a person's confidence in their ability to be fruitful in a specific circumstance. </p>

Essay Topics on Andrew Jackson - Use Them Properly

<h1>Essay Topics on Andrew Jackson - Use Them Properly</h1><p>Essay points on Andrew Jackson are not troublesome. The correct theme is a simple one to expound on. On the off chance that you can't concoct an incredible subject, there are numerous other intriguing approaches to remember the theme for your essay.</p><p></p><p>Do you have the ability to compose an extraordinary paper? I realize you may figure you don't, however in the event that you genuinely accept that, at that point possibly you should concentrate some composing tips before composing your article. Despite the fact that, anybody can compose an exposition, the main thing that issues is the means by which you present it to other people. On the off chance that you figure you don't have any ability, at that point reconsider in light of the fact that composing can be fun.</p><p></p><p>Some of the subjects on Andrew Jackson are intriguing and individuals will understand them. However, this doesn't imply that you ought to expound on such points excessively. Attempt to utilize these themes once at regular intervals. The measure of time you use to expound on these themes will change contingent upon how genuine you are tied in with getting great grades.</p><p></p><p>If you attempt to remember a ton of exposition points for Andrew Jackson in your papers, you may think the subject is exhausting and no one will like it. Be that as it may, recollect that the fundamental thought is to introduce your thoughts plainly. You don't need your perusers to skip portions of your paper. Ensure that you keep away from language, abbreviations, analogies, and slang.</p><p></p><p>Writing about subjects that you find intriguing, can assist you with resting easy thinking about the theme. It will give you motivation for the theme and assist you with concocting something unique to expound on. Now and again, you may t hink that its difficult to concoct thoughts for exposition subjects on Andrew Jackson.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to make an incredible article point is to get a pen and paper and record a few thoughts that fly into your head. Next, contrast what you compose and the theme articulation you composed before the task starts. On the off chance that you don't care for your considerations or thoughts, make note of them so you don't rehash the error. Continuously practice great composing aptitudes, in light of the fact that the things you compose won't just show up in your task yet will be recalled by others as well.</p><p></p><p>Before composing your paper, ask yourself whether the theme is suitable for your composing style. For instance, in case you're utilizing composing programming, for example, Pimsleur, there is a choice to 'Tune in' that lets you know whether you're utilizing the correct complement, elocution, or sentence stru cture. You additionally need to check whether you're utilizing the right accentuation and capitalization. Numerous understudies start with simple expositions, so they don't consider the hard inquiries until the cutoff time approaches.</p><p></p><p>Remember that composing is enjoyable. You don't need to follow explicit composing procedures. Simply appreciate composing and you'll be stunned at the tremendous improvement in your skills.</p>

How Do I Know If a Man is Good? Some Easy Tips For Success

<h1>How Do I Know If a Man is Good? Some Easy Tips For Success</h1><p>The basic truth is that any acceptable man is elusive. That being stated, you might be asking yourself: how would I know whether a man is good?</p><p></p><p>One of the most widely recognized men's issues is by and large excessively inspired by something. You need to be with the best man on the planet, however imagine a scenario where he doesn't have the stuff to be the best. You simply don't have the foggiest idea how to tell.</p><p></p><p>Maybe this is on the grounds that you believe it really is great. Then again, on the off chance that he appears as though he is excessively dedicated to a specific lady, at that point that could be cause for concern. You don't need him pursuing another young lady. Nobody does.</p><p></p><p>If he's continually calling you and staying nearby the house constantly, perhaps this is on the grounds that he's attempting to charm you. Men will do this kind of thing, as they discover it stirring. Then again, a great man is elusive in light of the fact that nobody anticipates that them should be this way. This incorporates you.</p><p></p><p>On the other hand, if your person never looks at a young lady without attempting to get into her jeans, at that point this is on the grounds that he needs to be a decent man. He will never let you make an effort not to stress about him. Along these lines, you will never feel like he's horrible to you.</p><p></p><p>If you have different companions who additionally have a man this way, at that point you have the formula for a decent man. They like you and regard you and they aren't reluctant to show their feelings. Insofar as you additionally show them a similar regard, and you keep them glad, at that point a mind-blowing remainder ought to be happy.</p><p></p><p>Good karma in finding a decent man. Nothing occurs unintentionally. Follow these simple tips for progress, and you'll discover the affection for your life.</p>

Why Is It Important to Write Two Different Newspaper Contact and Form Essay Topics?

<h1>Why Is It Important to Write Two Different Newspaper Contact and Form Essay Topics?</h1><p>You may ask why it is critical to compose two diverse paper contact and structure article subjects. All things considered, isn't one adequate enough?</p><p></p><p>The first point to consider is that the structures article you composed may not be endorsed by the papers you presented your papers to. Regardless of whether it isn't, there is a decent possibility that your instructor is probably going to have a decent memory of it. This is on the grounds that numerous educators experience difficulty perusing different pages of structure letters for quite a while after they have been sent.</p><p></p><p>The second interesting point is that numerous understudies get going in secondary school and can't plunk down for enough time to appropriately work out a structure letter. They may basically overlook what was requested or perhaps the y simply don't feel up to the task.</p><p></p><p>When you are composing your structures exposition for your school paper, it is imperative to attempt to compose it at the speed that your memory can stay aware of. So ensure that you don't compose anything else than you can recall at a given time. It might appear as though the most ideal approach to take care of business is to pick a paper you have by and by picked and afterward go from that point, however this can prompt numerous issues down the road.</p><p></p><p>It is conceivable that you may overlook what the inquiry was for your Good Form Letter, so you might be dealing with structure letters for various papers. This implies you won't realize that you have to send your structure letter to a specific one preceding you send it. So you will just have an incomplete memory of the inquiries you have to reply before you send them.</p><p></p><p>On the other hand, you may likewise find that you are sent a great deal of inquiries concerning a similar subject by your paper consultant. For this situation, you shouldthink about changing the manner in which you approach your exposition. You may conclude that you need to introduce all the primary concerns in a single article and afterward compose each question for the various papers you have written.</p><p></p><p>Or, you may want to utilize distinctive exposition themes for various papers. On the off chance that you are uncertain of how to put all the inquiries you have on an article, you should exploit the structure letters that the school accommodates your expositions and read through them carefully.</p><p></p><p>Writing a structure paper is actually very straightforward on the off chance that you set aside the effort to do a little research regarding the matters that you are going to cover. In all actuality some school paper editors won't notice that you have utilized diverse point papers for the various papers you have composed. For whatever length of time that you are predictable in your composition, and you have been reliable in the manner in which you tended to the distinctive article subjects, you ought to be fine.</p>

College Essay Topics - Compare and Contrast Essay Topics For College

<h1>College Essay Topics - Compare and Contrast Essay Topics For College</h1><p>When it comes to picking which point to compose for your school based article, one of the most mainstream thoroughly analyze paper themes for school is one on charge law. Duty laws spread a wide scope of subjects including business charge laws, government charges, property charges, state expenses, and neighborhood charges. A great many people don't comprehend that assessments are a social duty. Government income originates from the individual salary of residents; and when the administration gathers charges, they expect everybody to pay probably some part of it.</p><p></p><p>Here are the absolute most mainstream investigate exposition themes for school that are appropriate to each subject under the sun. The principal investigate article point is charge guidelines. Guidelines, even essential ones, influence the normal resident and business. There are various guideli nes, for example, administers on lodging and nourishment planning, guidelines on traffic wellbeing, laws on speed cutoff points, and guidelines with respect to word related safety.</p><p></p><p>The next investigate exposition subject is intricate and huge expense law. Duties are frequently muddled. They are frequently confused in light of the fact that they are perplexing in nature. Consider, for instance, confused enactment about computers.</p><p></p><p>Often the unpredictability of complex expense laws can imply that an individual must recruit an expert to make sense of the complexities. One approach to keep away from this is to compose a straightforward expense exposition theme, to not copy crafted by an expert. Be that as it may, it is conceivable to discover such themes that incorporate a large portion of the fundamental expense laws.</p><p></p><p>The third most well known look into exposition subjects for school include charge laws with respect to natural insurance. These laws can likewise cover complex issues that won't be unreasonably hard for a normal resident to comprehend. A portion of the regular themes that are of extraordinary enthusiasm to understudies incorporate vitality strategy, national and state parks, and non-renewable energy sources. Vitality approach themes are much of the time used to introduce ecological administration strategies.</p><p></p><p>Another well known look into paper subject that is fitting for a college alum is state charge laws. State charge laws manage burdens on various types of property, for example, land, structures, and land to which somebody has based on it. Land to which somebody has based on it, for instance, can be an expense obligation, contingent upon the amount it has been leased, and what amount has been based on it.</p><p></p><p>So, on the off chance that you are understudies, know that the re are numerous subjects accessible to you. Simply ensure that you pick a point that isn't excessively explicit. Try not to really expound, or utilize such a large number of words. Concentrate on the center subject of your paper, and compose it so that makes it readable.</p>

What Do You Find Out About the NFL With Your Research Paper Topics on NFL Players?

<h1>What Do You Find Out About the NFL With Your Research Paper Topics on NFL Players?</h1><p>If you need to present your exploration paper, you have a decision of a great deal of points on NFL players that can give you a decent article to utilize. The NFL is a remarkable game and a great many people just think about the games themselves. Be that as it may, there are numerous different approaches to consider and find out about the group and how it works.</p><p></p><p>A great research paper on the NFL can be composed for an assortment of reasons. One explanation is to examine the historical backdrop of the groups, players, and association. Another explanation is to talk about and investigate the draft picks, exploring, and the presentation of the teams.</p><p></p><p>Some individuals might be keen on considering what their preferred player does on the field and why he plays the manner in which he does. These individuals will probably be progressively keen on investigating a particular player's group to perceive how they performed. These subjects will most likely be composed with more tender loving care on account of this intrigue. This may mean all the more composition, however it will likewise be more thorough.</p><p></p><p>A look into paper on the NFL may likewise be composed to talk about and expound on a player's very own life. This might be valid with more than one player. Since these articles will presumably be distributed, the essayist will have the option to give somewhat more foundation data on every player and their team.</p><p></p><p>If you like, you might need to examine the groups more top to bottom by going on the web and perusing the articles and watching the games. Once more, this can give an increasingly careful gander at what's going on with these groups. You will probably discover an assortment of articles from all the groups and pl ayers, alongside sentiment segments and group profiles.</p><p></p><p>If you are keen on composing an exploration paper on the NFL, there are a few points you might need to consider. You may likewise need to inquire about the different groups and players. A decent research paper will incorporate all the parts of a group or a player's profession and assist you with bettering comprehend them.</p><p></p><p>Researching for your paper can require significant investment, and can be monotonous. In any case, the advantages to doing so are many. On the off chance that you don't care for inquiring about, you can invest the energy in other tasks.</p><p></p><p>Most schools, universities, and colleges will have the option to furnish you with proficient help with the territory of research papers. On the off chance that you don't discover one locally, you can even discover administrations on the web. Be that as it may, you will presumably need to consider making your own exploration paper before you attempt to present your work. On the off chance that you think that its hard to finish your own examination, you can recruit somebody to do it for you.</p>

Dirty Facts About Postgraduate Scholarship Essay Samples Uncovered

<h1> Dirty Facts About Postgraduate Scholarship Essay Samples Uncovered</h1> <p>You won't be required just to look out for the paper to be settled, yet you'll have a section in the way it will be deciphered. Among other famous thoughts is to show that you put in an application for an award out of budgetary need. As an approach to persuade the adjudicators you ought to get the grant instead of different candidates, you must mention to the appointed authorities what makes you a superior up-and-comer. </p> <p>In case you have, you've settled on a reasonable decision. Hence, the understudy should deliver the contention convincing. The understudies who might want to be prosperous in such a test must ensure they allude just to the predominant instances of grant articles for establishing an incredible connection with its perusers. </p> <p>Therefore, you don't have to worry about your private data at whatever point you request with us. Remember there are a few directions that ask that you utilize a particular structure or organization. The methodology begins with the customer entering the suitable information in the buy structure. So since you can see, the enrollment strategy is extremely straightforward and justifiable, so there are no problems or stunt to do that effectively. </p> <h2> Postgraduate Scholarship Essay Samples - Overview</h2> <p>Enable us to help you with some work so you can focus on other significant challenges. In this manner, it' s totally alright on the off chance that you approach somebody for help. Regardless of whether you're just two or three minutes behind schedule for work, a urgent undertaking probably won't be finished promptly. You will cherish our work. </p> <h2> The Lost Secret of Postgraduate Scholarship Essay Samples</h2> <p>Many grants are given to unmistakable gatherings or sorts of understudies, so verify that you fit inside that gathering. Today, most undergrads think that its hard to form an article on a specific theme. These days it's exceptionally dubious to place in the college without having profound pockets. </p> <p>Not everyone can manage the cost of unrivaled instruction, and that is the reason a few people choose to join the organization's grant program. In this way, numerous understudies and workers choose to buy ease article as opposed to composing it themselves. Nursing school exposition models are completely inquired about and offer you an idea which our administrations are incredibly reliable. </p> <p>You don't have to have the absolute best composing abilities to have the option to be innovative and make a successful paper. Anyway, should you need assistance with a nursing article, remember that you aren't the only one. Fabulous papers on any point that is associated with either hypothesis or practice of nursing will be conveyed inside the assigned time. Most nursing understudies see how to direct explores and join them with different ideas that they've learned in class in the real world application. </p> <h2> Understanding Postgraduate Scholarship Essay Samples </h2> <p>These types of papers are ensured to snooze off your perusers. References and concentrates from arranged sources must be designed appropriately. Expand the data which you need to talk about and be certain that they're introduced as needs be. </p> <p>Don't utilize any extravagant text styles as it can create the article appear to be casual. There are different letter records and article models that are utilized in the subject of training. On the off chance that you're certain concerning the notoriety of a specific exposition composing administration, at that point it's conceivable to move toward their site for finding the fundamental help. It's clear that most understudies think that its hard to submit totally free mistake test article for monetary need grant since for the most part they give appropriated content since they duplicate the particular data found on the web. </p> <h2> New Step by Step Roadmap for Postgraduate Scholarship Essay Samples</h2> <p>Make certain you know all the necessities of the nursing article you request. Attempt to recall that a brilliant evaluation is fundamental that you discover accreditation. Being a piece of an extraordinary instructive establishment can be somewha t expensive. You may get nursing application paper models at reasonable costs from us. </p> <h2> Definitions of Postgraduate Scholarship Essay Samples</h2> <p>Who realized article composing might be so intense. It's conceivable to include another passage on the off chance that you accept that the subsequent section is lacking to introduce the theme. </p> <p>It's easy to call attention to an article which has been composed exclusively for its enthusiasm. So for the individuals who have an article alloted that you will require help with, you can buy exposition online modest from us. The exposition should consolidate an Introduction, a Body, and a Conclusion. An incredible article is one which leaves a suffering impression. </p>

Strategic and Organisational Analysis of Li Ning Co. Ltd. Free Essays

Introduction Li Ning Co. Ltd., one of China’s leading sports-apparel makers was founded from a family business by the well-known Olympic gymnastics gold medallist, Li Ning (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic and Organisational Analysis of Li Ning Co. Ltd. or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the reputation of its founder, the extension of its product range, some influential sponsorships and the success of penetrating second- and third- tier cities in the Chinese market, Li Ning has gained the popularity and high brand awareness in China, also a high market share. However, when the international companies began to value and target at the growing Chinese sportswear market, Li Ning gradually faced an intensified competition from international firm like Nike and Adidas in Chinese market, as well as from few local rivals in terms of the price, such as Anta and Peak. Li Ning firm has made some internationalization efforts in recent years like export activities, building its RD centres abroad and other attempts, but it remains overwhelmingly China focused and all the actions aim to establish a global brand in Chinese consumers’ eyes. Besides, those internationalization attempts did not bring any considerable revenue. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the ch allenges which Li Ning may face in the process of establishing its global brands and put forward the feasible international brand strategy and the foreign market entry strategy by referring to some theories of international marketing. The paper proceeds first by discussing some problems associated with Li Ning trying to be a global brand respectively and rational recommendations will be raised during the discussion. Second, the suggestion about the market choice and a foreign market entry strategy will be illustrated in terms of three aspects: the choice criteria for the entry market, the selection of entry mode and some key marketing communication strategies. 1. Examine the problems associated with Li Ning trying to become a global brand. From a marketing perspective, what do you think Li Ning should do to address those challenges? Facing the fierce competition from international and local rivals, the company reaches an agreement to build its international strategy and its global brand apart from protecting the domestic market. However, Li Ning has to take some potential problems into account in the process of internationalization and seven related considerations will be illustrated in this part. 1.1 The competition with local and international rivals in domestic market It can be seen that some well-known international brand such as Nike and Adidas possess relatively high market revenue in Chinese sportswear industry, as well as Li Ning and Anta, two top domestic brands (appendix 1). As far as Li Ning concerned, how to block international brands and also successfully retain the local market is one of the key points to become a global brand. Looking at the entire Chinese market, Li Ning positions itself as a competitive rival in providing price-quality bargains product and penetrates different levels of Chinese markets through its extensive network of distributors, sub-distributors and retail stores, especially in second- and third-tier cities where about 76% of Li Ning’s stores are located (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). However, temporarily leading position may be weakened when global brands gradually shift their focus to less developed regions in China where incomes are rising and consumers’ brand loyalties and shopping preferences have no t been established (Burkitt, 2010). With regard to global sportswear marketers, Nike and Adidas have both aimed at China as their second largest market in the world and put a lot of efforts in first-tier cities of China, like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. They set up their own retail channels like flagship stores or brand centres respectively in Beijing to create strong brand and retail experience (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). With higher brand positioning and name recognition, international brands are more effective in capturing market share in major cities where Li Ning has not paid more attentions. In order to become a global brand, Li Ning realizes that more emphasis should be put on the market of top- tier cities, but the reality is that Li Ning may have to use lower prices to distinguish its brand in this stiff competition with international firms (Burkitt, 2010). Thus, Li Ning needs to rethink its brand positioning both in local and international markets rather than only rely on price-quality bargains and utilize marketing communications to boost its brand awareness which will be discussed in the later paragraph. 1.2 Country of origin (COO) effects and the brand image In the eyes of most Chinese consumers, Li Ning’s brand identity is always associated with its founder, a national sport hero, so it is easier for Chinese consumers to understand and recognize Li Ning’s logo design, ‘flying red flag and initials of its founder’. Taking consumer ethnocentrism into consideration, domestic consumers may have more favourable attitudes to this brand because of the company’s history and culture. ‘Consumer ethnocentrism’ which was introduced by Shimp and Sharma (1987), refers to the consumer prefers domestic goods due to strong nationalistic beliefs and feelings. As the chief executive of Li Ning Co. said, ‘we want people to look at our brand and feel proud that they are part of something- proud of China’s growth’ (Burkitt, 2010). In addition, with the potential growth and importance of younger segments, Li ning has moved its sight towards them However, using consumer ethnocentrism to affect the purchase decision of young urban Chinese may not work, because Javalgi and White (2002, p. 568) summarized that ‘younger, better-educated and high-income consumers seem to be less ethnocentrism to foreign goods and services’, as well as people who are more open to foreign cultures. Besides, country of origin (COO) also has a negative impact on product and brand evaluation among young Chinese consumers. Many Chinese young consumers, especially teenagers, are keen on the American culture and other western cultures, such as freedom, risky spirit and personality, so they are more likely to choose a global brand which originated from western countries. While in the eyes of international consumers, it is hard for them to make any resonance with Li Ning without related cultural background, and they may perceive its logo as being similar or a copy of Nike swoosh. Similarly, think of the effect of COO, international consumers will use COO cues when they meet the unfamiliar brand and the bias against products generally from developing countries, so some country-image stereotypes, such as low price or low quality may hurt Li Ning’s brand image. Thus, in order to weaken the negative COO perception, Li Ning should alter the consumer attitude towards the product and brand through marketing communication and give its brand a unique identity. Thinking of Nike and Adidas, they both have their unique global identities which are created and preserved by variety communications such as advertising, celebrity endorsement and marketing campaigns. Therefore, there is still a big gap between Li Ning and global brands in terms of brand awareness and brand image. In order to attract the younger generation worldwide, Li Ning need to find out and build its unique brand image through redesign a more differentiated brand logo and slogan, strengthen the product range and design, and also create more targeted marketing campaigns. 1.3 The product portfolio and RD Sportswear can be divided into the following categories: professional sportswear, casual sportswear and fashion sportswear (Euromonitor International, 2007) and there are some overlaps among these groups. Based on the statistic from Euromonitor International (appendix2), it is shown that fashion sportswear, which is the hybrid of casual sportswear and fashion wear, is growing more rapidly than other sportswear segments in China market, so the company which can rapidly discover this potential demand and launch the new products will differentiate itself from rivals. Nike and Adidas have experienced substantial growth after they introduced fashion sportswear series, and yet, in this segment Li Ning has left behind other global brands’ steps. Besides, the global sneaker company has also developed new technologies which would be introduced into high end product to differentiate its brand because international consumers believe that global brands usually develop new products and tec hnologies faster than rivals (Holt et al., 2004), such as the Nike Air max 360 (features a foamless mid-sole technology), the Adidas 1 (includes a microprocessor technology)(http://www.scribd.com/doc/39006282/Athletic-Footwear-Industry-Analysis accessed 22 April 2011). In short, there is still a long way to go for Li Ning to catch up with those global brands in new product development and the range of product line, especially in new technologies and high end products. Now Li Ning, which established two RD centres abroad, has recognized product research and development as one of important steps to its internationalization strategy. Making full use of that can help Li Ning develop high-end products which can stimulate its starting point for brand positioning, better satisfy customers’ needs for fashion or performance and also upgrade the brand image. It is also recommended that Li Ning could also try to get access to some professional and well-known designers who have rich experience of customers’ preferences and global fashion trends to design its product. 1.4 Price decision On the basis of pricing strategy prototypes (Solberg et al., 2006), Li Ning falls into the global price follower position. Its price decision can be summarized as follows: first, under the same quality but it is much cheaper than international competitors, meanwhile it provides higher quality, but more expensive than local rivals. Second, Li Ning has to lower down the price in domestic market when larger and more experienced global brands have put pressure on it. Third, Li Ning has limited preparedness for its international attempts and set the price slightly cheaper than Nike and Adidas on its direct access to the foreign market (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). Holt et al. (2004) mentioned that international people think it is rationale for global brand to charge premium price if offering more quality and guarantees than others, three opportunity for Li Ning to reduce the pressure from globally branded counterparts and set a better price to increase its profitability are to identify the ni che market or a new segment or to develop a new technology which is difficult for its rivals to imitate (Solberg et al., 2006). 1.5 International marketing As the increasing level of income and the improving quality of life, the purchase decision among Chinese people less depend on price and functionality, but more on brand image, product design and style (Euromonitor International, 2007). Similarly, the main competition for market share among global brand lies in non-price competitions and the brand loyalty is quite high in this industry, In retrospect to the success of two dominators brands in the sporting goods industry, Nike and Adidas, they have some things in common for their international marketing communication strategy: using extensive marketing campaigns, creative advertising and celebrity endorsements to establish a differentiated brand image (http://www.scribd.com/doc/39006282/Athletic-Footwear-Industry-Analysis accessed 22 April 2011). In addition, due to their leading roles in the global market, they have a financial advantage on marketing and advertising expenditures, also on access to endorsement. Even though Li Ningâ₠¬â„¢s cannot compete with them for these marketing resources, it has also sponsored different international sport events and teams, as well as some world well-known sports stars (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). However, those efforts aimed to increase its brand awareness among Chinese consumers rather than international consumers. Facing those difficulties of establishing popularity with brand-conscious consumers, two feasible strategies may help Li Ning create more targeted advertising and marketing campaigns. First, with the growing fashion trend in sportswear, the celebrity in other areas, such as music or film could also produce the similar influence as sports celebrity on younger targets, so using music celebrity endorsement may rejuvenate the brand image and enlarge the potential buying groups which not only includes the sports fans. Second, Li Ning can sponsor some competition like basketball, soccer or running at region level to fit targets’ particular needs. After all, the quality and suitability to the wearer are more convincing than other factors. 1.6 Distribution agreements The management of existing domestic channel distributors and the access to distribution opportunities in global markets constitute another barrier for Li Ning’s internationalization attempts. In terms of the domestic market, Li Ning has took the leading role of establishing a national franchised distribution system in 1993 (http://brand.icxo.com/htmlnews/2008/08/13/1304126_0.htm accessed 26 April 2011) and this entry mode helps its open average 840 stores per year mainly focus on second- and third- tier cities from 2004 to 2008 (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). Second, Li Ning also has its wholly ownership retail stores- 11 flagship stores located in major first- tier cities, but they are only accounts for 7.8% of Li Ning’ total revenues, others generated from sales to franchised distributors ibid. Third, with the rise of e-commerce, Li Ning cooperated with two big online trade platforms, ‘taobao and tanyou’ to launch the online sportswear store in 2008 (http://bra nd.icxo.com/htmlnews/2008/08/13/1304126_0.htm accessed 26 April 2011). This marketing alliance gathers each advantage, and also let Li Ning gain the knowledge about e-channel which has laid a good foundation for setting up its official online store in 2010 and optimizing the new official website ibid. However, the network channel seems be lack of the interaction between customers and products, so the online shop could be better used to disseminate and strengthen its brand image rather than generate revenue. With regard to the global market, the big brand company prefer to select the local distributors with experienced management teams, nationwide distribution abilities and sufficient resources to help them expand its global market rapidly (Frost Sullivan, 2008). Besides, the prominence of a brand among global customers also has an important impact on retailers, so retail stores would be more likely to leave shelf space for the brand which has established a history of good sales (tttp://www.scribd.com/doc/39006282/Athletic-Footwear-Industry-Analysis accessed 22 April 2011). Therefore, the small scale of Li Ning means it has no position to compete with Nike and Adidas in local distributors when entering a new market. Li Ning has to work harder on overcoming the relationships with foreign retailers who may narrow its entry to the foreign market and having its goods seen comparing to its international rivals. Apart from that, franchising and running its own name stores could be considered, both of them can boost company brand presence and are high control of assets, but meanwhile the former one involves complex operation procedure and long time to select and the later relates a high risk and high investment. 1.7 Culture dimensions Hofstede (1994) defined that the category of people which shares the different cultures can be a nation, region †¦, gender culture or age group. Foremost, it is important for Li Ning to assess the cultural differences among regions of China, first-tier cities versus other less developed regions. Consumes in different regions of China have their own distinct characteristics and shopping preferences. Second, ‘power distance’, one of Hofstede’s (1994) national culture differences dimensions, refers to the level of inequality between followers and leaders, should be considered among Chinese young urban consumers who are more fashion demands on sportswear and more brand-consciousness (Frost Sullivan, 2008). In order to display their identity and personal value among their reference groups, they are more likely to spend on global brand. Even one may feel ‘lose face’ if he or she wears with a local brand compared to others who wear the global brand. Th us, if Li Ning not redefines its brand image or just simply pretending to be western, it is unable to compete with those high-ended international brands among Chinese young urban consumers in first-tier cities of China. Additionally, organisation culture management is another factor should not be neglected on Li Ning’s way to be a global brand. The brand culture is derived from the company culture, so the primary task for a strong global brand is to build its unique company culture and transfer the company into a modern management enterprise. Originally, Li Ning grew from a family business which later becomes a big obstacle to the development of the brand. The incoherence between enterprise management mode and its business development urge Li Ning reform the enterprise personnel and recruit professional talents in production, research, marketing and other areas (http://pp.hw01.com/a/1003/10/1210467_2.htm accessed 24 April 2011). Soon afterwards the specialization and standardization of the management help the company experience a rapid growth in business. 2. Considering the current stage of the internationalization of the company, for a market of your choice, develop a foreign market entry strategy. Li Ning makes many efforts step by step and has gained a little experience in exploring the foreign market and during the period of 2008 Beijing Olympic Game, Li Ning has become a brand widely recognized in the west due to the fact that its founder lighted the Olympic flame wearing Li Ning’s shoes magically (English website). Besides, at the end of June, 2011, Li Ning launched its new logo and English slogan to refresh its global brand image. All those efforts make clear that Li Ning has fully prepared to expand to the foreign market and it is worth learning that all possible entry strategies must share one element which the essential for the success of internationalization, that is, commitment (Yip et al., 2000). Specifically, many aspects of the firm should be committed to the entry market: organization structure, human recourses, marketing mix strategies and market research ibid. The rest of this essay will respectively focus on the choice of which country to enter and the related entry mode and key marketing mix activities. 2.1 The choice criteria for the market chosen Based on Whitelock’s (2002) summary of international market entry method, a comprehensive market entry decision cannot disassociate different approaches from one to another, so the choice criteria for the US market relies on the combination of experience-related, resource-related and competition-related considerations (Madhok, 1996). Experience-related considerations drawn from the Uppsala model will be assessed firstly. This model put an emphasis on a firm’s previous experience and the capabilities acquired from that (Madhok, 1996), also considers the concept of ‘psychic distance’ which refers to firms are suggested to entering the market which is psychically close and they have certain knowledge basis to reduce the uncertainties and risks in the process of internationalization (Whitelock, 2002). According to Hofstede’s (1994) summary of five dimensions of national culture differences, China and the Unite State have a big difference in cultural background, and the extended psychic distance seems more problematic for Li Ning in terms of understanding the American culture and being lack of local customers’ preferences and behaviours. However, if Li Ning enters into some cultural similar market, like some Asian countries, lower brand awareness and risks still exist. Besides, the ne gative effect of a Chinese brand also set a barrier to enter in those psychically close markets. Instead, if Li Ning could have a good performance in the US market, then its status of an international brand will not be questioned; at the same time, some previous efforts made in the US market, such as indirect export activities, the establishment of RD centre and a small retail store, can also bring a lot of feedback and information about the US sportswear industry and the local customers. Second, resources-related considerations mainly focus on the characteristic of the environment and interactive networks in it. From the tables in appendix 3, it is shown that US is the largest globally sportswear market and holds in the top position in the total sportswear expenditure per capita in 2008 (approximately $232.8) which was far more than that in China (approximately $7.4). Moreover, the sportswear expenditure in 2008 represented 0.49% of the US GDP per capita (Chu, 2010). On the other hand, the US sportswear industry seemed to be affected by the global financial crisis and increased by only 0.5% in 2010, but this industry may experience a promising rise after the economic recovery (Frost Sullivan, 2010). As far as the relationship with potential consumers is concerned, the prosperity of a good interaction lies in effective marketing strategies including celebrity endorsement, creative advertising and technological expertise in product design ibid. Similarly, those style- conscious and image-conscious consumers respond will them with more brand-consciousness and stronger brand loyalty. In terms of competition-related considerations, two elements should be addressed: the intensity of competition in the entry market and Li Ning’s strategic brand positioning. Undeniably, the sportswear industry of US market is a relatively mature industry which is dominated by a few large firms, such as Nike and Adidas who have already gained their strong brand image; Nike’s products are considered to be high quality and stylish, while superior performance and professional are associated with Adidas (copy). Additionally, there are some relatively high entries barriers set by them, such as higher brand awareness, unique brand image, and established agreements with big named athletes, celebrities and retailers. They even launch the product for every sector of the market in terms of price and intended purpose (for performance, lifestyle or fashion) ibid. However, some smaller firms which specialize in particular purpose of shoes can also successfully capture particular segm ent in the US market, such as K-Swiss in tennis, Vans in skate and lifestyle shoe ibid. In summary, there are three reasons to support Li Ning enter into the US market: First, previous efforts made and the network built in that market. Second, the big US sportswear market size and the potential market opportunity seem very attractive for Li Ning’s foreign expansion. Third, the success cases of sportswear firms who target at the niche market or design for a particular activity in such a competitive environment also contribute to Li Ning’s entry strategy. 2.2 The analysis of market entry strategy After deciding which market to enter, the firm should concentrate on how to go there, that is the selection of entry mode. Yip et al. (2000, p.15) stated that various entry modes-export strategies, licensing, franchising, joint ventures and others â€Å"differ in the degree of control the firm exerts on foreign operations.† Several recommendations on that will be given then. First, Li Ning has adopted a few entry modes to test the US market previously, including indirectly exporting its products to the American market at the beginning of the 1990s, building a small RD centres in Portland in 2008 and more recently establishing its first US retail stores in Portland (case) and the purpose of doing that is to acquire some local resources and experience to better understanding the US market. Because of the fierce competition in the US sportswear industry, great control on channels, high brand presence and local expertise should be Li Ning’s priority to select the entry mode, so the suitable entry strategy could be the combination of direct export through both company owned overseas facilities and some local well-known retailers, such as Footlocker, Finish Line, and franchising. Meanwhile, those entry modes involve relatively moderate control and investment in marketing channel activities by the parent firm (Goodnow and Hansz, 1972), as well as certain risks. Besides, the United States market which shows a greater equality among society level and has a more stable cultural environment could be an advantage to pursue an entry strategy involving greater control and investment in marketing channel activity. Second, the image and positioning of distributors or partners is a very important criterion. Based on Arnold’s (2000) seven rules of international distribution, it is not necessary to look for the best distributor who has already served major customers with similar product line. The choice of partners should regard the distributor with an image or strategy which is in line with the brand image Li Ning wants to maintain. For example, if Li Ning decides to position itself as mid- to high-end sportswear marketer in the US market, it should not choose any discounted retailer or other partners who may lower Li Ning’s brand image and may cooperate with some retailers who specialize in stocking goods with high price point and the newest trends. Third, the e-commerce of the United State is well developed, but online stores are only used by few shoes retailers and sportswear makers, so it is too early to evaluate its effects. However, making full use of the e-commerce can make up Li Ning’s limited access to local distributors and sports celebrities, and this business model is cost-saving and low risky. However, choosing the right entry mode is only the necessary condition due to the possibility of country-specific problems and contingency. In order to enhance the possibility of successfully entering a new market, some cultural dimensions between China and Unite State cannot be neglected. First, according to Hofstede’s (1994) summary of dimensions of national culture differences, China (20) and Unite State (91) lie in the two extreme sides of the individualism dimension which indicate China is a society with collectivist culture and strong relationships among members, families and groups, while the population of the United State are more individualistic and self-reliant attitudes and relatively loose bonds with others ibid. This difference may result in consumers’ various responds to promotion strategies. Word of mouth and reference groups seem more effective among Chinese consumers. Second, similarly, the comparison in power distance dimension also displays a big gap. There is a high level of inequality of power and wealth within the Chinese society that means consumers more prefer to choose the brand which is desired by many people or can represent their social status and high standard of living; however the United States shows a greater equality among society level and has a more stable cultural environment. Thus, an in-depth research about the real reason for US consumers’ brand loyalty needs to be conducted, whether the unique brand image, celebrity effects or the product design. 2.3 Key marketing mix activities for initial entry to the US market The related products and marketing mix activities should meet the common needs of local customers, so before achieving the US market, the firm should identify the US sportswear market segment and decide its product and brand positioning. Li Ning does not have clear targeted segmentation in China and the brand positioning is also very vague, but compared with other rivals in domestic market, Li Ning’ brand tends to focus on mass to mid-end markets both in sports footwear and apparel and the price also set in the middle level (Chu, 2010). Next, some specific suggestions will be given in the following aspects: product portfolio, brand positioning, price decision and the marketing communication strategy. First, sports products can be designed for various sports areas. Li Ning positions itself as the global brand for running and badminton because of the fact that Adidas covered football area and Nike firmly held the basketball area worldwide (case). Linked to the condition in the US market, running footwear has been experiencing the biggest growth and its sales accounts for 25% of total athletic shoe sales (copy). Thus, the running product is suggested to be the focused product category for Li Ning. Then according to the consumer-specific usage with the running product, consumers can be divided into three segments: performance-orientated, causal-orientated and fashion-orientated customers; and this division can also be used in the domestic market. Another point cannot be ignored is the unity of product size system with the target region must be implemented because normally foreign people have larger-size feet. Li Ning has experienced the consequence of this defect by closing its Maast richt store in Netherlands (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). Actually, Li Ning has learned from the former lesson and remodelled the size of its product with the same method which Nike and Adidas have used. Regarding the brand positioning, Li Ning needs a strategic brand positioning to break out the US market. Li Ning has currently developed a big multi-brand family in domestic market including the well-known Li Ning brand, the French top outdoor brand- AIGLE, the international leading brand in badminton and pingpang- Hongshuangxi and a hypermarket brand advocated fast fashion- ZDO. In order to avoid foreign consumers linking the low price to the brand and lower the brand image, it is better to only establish and launch the high-end brand in the US market at first. Thinking of the price decision of the US market, Nike, such a big global brand, also launches low price product to reach all areas of the market (copy), so it is risky to compete with them in the US market by adopting a low price strategy. To be a global price follower is more appropriate for Li Ning to first enter the US market, so Li Ning need to obtain some formal marketing research about market intensity information and the average retail price of the US market from local agencies and rivals’ company reports, then picks up the leading competitor based on the product positioning and set the price which closely follows its rival’s price of similar product. Furthermore, the price decision should always be in line with the brand positioning. As Nagle and Holden (1995) claimed, price can be used as a competitive tool only when the company seeks more advantages by offering a less expensive product but with same values than its competitors. Thus, overall middle to high pri ce brackets should be applied in the US market due to the high brand positioning of Li Ning’s product. Finally, referring to the marketing communication strategy, creative advertising, celebrity endorsement and sponsoring events all play an important role in helping the company build a good brand image and gain the popularity in the US market. On one hand, the design of local advertising is very important. Li Ning can cooperate with some local professional agencies specialize in branding and advertising which may maximize their local resources, knowledge and experience to better deliver the brand message. On the other hand, although the excellent performance on 2008 Beijing Olympic Games has vigorously promoting Li Ning’s brand to the whole world, owing to those global brand’s unbeatable economies of scale and scope as well as financial advantages in their home market, Li Ning has to make use of some specific local collaboration or sponsorship to promote its products, such as the athletics competition at regional or national level, the NBA basketball competition, some lo cal running community. References Arnold, D. (2000), â€Å"Seven Rules of International Distribution†, Harvard Business Review, Vol. (Nov-Dec), pp. 131 – 137. Burkitt, L., â€Å"Li Ning takes on Nike, Adidas†, The Wall Street Journal, Index 18, September 29, 2010. Hofstede, G. (1994), â€Å"The Business of International Business is Culture†, International Business Review, Vol. 3(1), pp. 1-14. Holt, D.B., Quelch, J.A. and Taylor, E.L. (2004) â€Å"How Global Brands Compete†, Harvard Business Review, September, pp. 68 – 75. Javalgi, R.G. and White, D.S. (2002), â€Å"Strategic Challenges for the Marketing of Services Internationally†, International Marketing Review, Vol. 19, pp. 563-582. Meuer, J. and DiVito, L. (2010), â€Å"A Grand EntranceLi Ning’s Emergence as a Global, Chinese Brand†. RSM Case Development Centre, www.ecch.com Solberg, C.A. (2008), â€Å"Product Complexity and Cultural Distance Effects on Managing International Distributor Relationships: A Contingency Approach†, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 16. (3) Whitelock, Y. (2002), â€Å"Theories of Internationalization and Their Impact on Market Entry†, International Marketing Review, Vol. 19(4), pp. 342-347. Yip, G.S., Biscarri, J.G. and Monti. J.A. (2000), â€Å"The role of the Internationalisation Process in the Performance of Newly Internationalising Firms†, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 8(3), pp. 10-35. Online Sources Chinese No.1 Sportswear Brand- Li Ning’s World [online]. 10 March 2010. Available from http://pp.hw01.com/a/1003/10/1210467_2.htm [accessed on 24 April 2011] Economics of Management and Strategy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, Athletic Footwear- Industry Analysis [online]. 01 May 2006, Available from http://www.scribd.com/doc/39006282/Athletic-Footwear-Industry-Analysis [accessed on 22 April 2011] Euromonitor International. Industry Overview [online]. 2007. Available from http://www.guococap.com/marketSensor/IPO_Prospectuses/01368/E113.pdf [accessed on 20 April 2011] Frost Sullivan. Industry Overview [online]. 26 May 2008. Available from http://www.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/20080526/03813_342257/E112.pdf [accessed on 20 April 2011] Frost Sullivan. Industry Overview [online]. 01 Feb 2010. Available from http://pg.jrj.com.cn/acc/HK_DISC/stock_NT/2010/02/01/00953_000934073_9.pdf [accessed on 20 April 2011] The History and Development of Li Ning’s Brand [online]. 13 August 2008. Available from http://brand.icxo.com/htmlnews/2008/08/13/1304126_0.htm [accessed on 26 April 2011] Li Ning New Logo, New Slogan, New Image [online]. 01 July 2010. Available http://www.yoger.com.cn/info.asp?infoID=6486 [Accessed on 28 April 2011] How to cite Strategic and Organisational Analysis of Li Ning Co. Ltd., Essay examples

Strategic and Organisational Analysis of Li Ning Co. Ltd. Free Essays

Introduction Li Ning Co. Ltd., one of China’s leading sports-apparel makers was founded from a family business by the well-known Olympic gymnastics gold medallist, Li Ning (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic and Organisational Analysis of Li Ning Co. Ltd. or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the reputation of its founder, the extension of its product range, some influential sponsorships and the success of penetrating second- and third- tier cities in the Chinese market, Li Ning has gained the popularity and high brand awareness in China, also a high market share. However, when the international companies began to value and target at the growing Chinese sportswear market, Li Ning gradually faced an intensified competition from international firm like Nike and Adidas in Chinese market, as well as from few local rivals in terms of the price, such as Anta and Peak. Li Ning firm has made some internationalization efforts in recent years like export activities, building its RD centres abroad and other attempts, but it remains overwhelmingly China focused and all the actions aim to establish a global brand in Chinese consumers’ eyes. Besides, those internationalization attempts did not bring any considerable revenue. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the ch allenges which Li Ning may face in the process of establishing its global brands and put forward the feasible international brand strategy and the foreign market entry strategy by referring to some theories of international marketing. The paper proceeds first by discussing some problems associated with Li Ning trying to be a global brand respectively and rational recommendations will be raised during the discussion. Second, the suggestion about the market choice and a foreign market entry strategy will be illustrated in terms of three aspects: the choice criteria for the entry market, the selection of entry mode and some key marketing communication strategies. 1. Examine the problems associated with Li Ning trying to become a global brand. From a marketing perspective, what do you think Li Ning should do to address those challenges? Facing the fierce competition from international and local rivals, the company reaches an agreement to build its international strategy and its global brand apart from protecting the domestic market. However, Li Ning has to take some potential problems into account in the process of internationalization and seven related considerations will be illustrated in this part. 1.1 The competition with local and international rivals in domestic market It can be seen that some well-known international brand such as Nike and Adidas possess relatively high market revenue in Chinese sportswear industry, as well as Li Ning and Anta, two top domestic brands (appendix 1). As far as Li Ning concerned, how to block international brands and also successfully retain the local market is one of the key points to become a global brand. Looking at the entire Chinese market, Li Ning positions itself as a competitive rival in providing price-quality bargains product and penetrates different levels of Chinese markets through its extensive network of distributors, sub-distributors and retail stores, especially in second- and third-tier cities where about 76% of Li Ning’s stores are located (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). However, temporarily leading position may be weakened when global brands gradually shift their focus to less developed regions in China where incomes are rising and consumers’ brand loyalties and shopping preferences have no t been established (Burkitt, 2010). With regard to global sportswear marketers, Nike and Adidas have both aimed at China as their second largest market in the world and put a lot of efforts in first-tier cities of China, like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. They set up their own retail channels like flagship stores or brand centres respectively in Beijing to create strong brand and retail experience (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). With higher brand positioning and name recognition, international brands are more effective in capturing market share in major cities where Li Ning has not paid more attentions. In order to become a global brand, Li Ning realizes that more emphasis should be put on the market of top- tier cities, but the reality is that Li Ning may have to use lower prices to distinguish its brand in this stiff competition with international firms (Burkitt, 2010). Thus, Li Ning needs to rethink its brand positioning both in local and international markets rather than only rely on price-quality bargains and utilize marketing communications to boost its brand awareness which will be discussed in the later paragraph. 1.2 Country of origin (COO) effects and the brand image In the eyes of most Chinese consumers, Li Ning’s brand identity is always associated with its founder, a national sport hero, so it is easier for Chinese consumers to understand and recognize Li Ning’s logo design, ‘flying red flag and initials of its founder’. Taking consumer ethnocentrism into consideration, domestic consumers may have more favourable attitudes to this brand because of the company’s history and culture. ‘Consumer ethnocentrism’ which was introduced by Shimp and Sharma (1987), refers to the consumer prefers domestic goods due to strong nationalistic beliefs and feelings. As the chief executive of Li Ning Co. said, ‘we want people to look at our brand and feel proud that they are part of something- proud of China’s growth’ (Burkitt, 2010). In addition, with the potential growth and importance of younger segments, Li ning has moved its sight towards them However, using consumer ethnocentrism to affect the purchase decision of young urban Chinese may not work, because Javalgi and White (2002, p. 568) summarized that ‘younger, better-educated and high-income consumers seem to be less ethnocentrism to foreign goods and services’, as well as people who are more open to foreign cultures. Besides, country of origin (COO) also has a negative impact on product and brand evaluation among young Chinese consumers. Many Chinese young consumers, especially teenagers, are keen on the American culture and other western cultures, such as freedom, risky spirit and personality, so they are more likely to choose a global brand which originated from western countries. While in the eyes of international consumers, it is hard for them to make any resonance with Li Ning without related cultural background, and they may perceive its logo as being similar or a copy of Nike swoosh. Similarly, think of the effect of COO, international consumers will use COO cues when they meet the unfamiliar brand and the bias against products generally from developing countries, so some country-image stereotypes, such as low price or low quality may hurt Li Ning’s brand image. Thus, in order to weaken the negative COO perception, Li Ning should alter the consumer attitude towards the product and brand through marketing communication and give its brand a unique identity. Thinking of Nike and Adidas, they both have their unique global identities which are created and preserved by variety communications such as advertising, celebrity endorsement and marketing campaigns. Therefore, there is still a big gap between Li Ning and global brands in terms of brand awareness and brand image. In order to attract the younger generation worldwide, Li Ning need to find out and build its unique brand image through redesign a more differentiated brand logo and slogan, strengthen the product range and design, and also create more targeted marketing campaigns. 1.3 The product portfolio and RD Sportswear can be divided into the following categories: professional sportswear, casual sportswear and fashion sportswear (Euromonitor International, 2007) and there are some overlaps among these groups. Based on the statistic from Euromonitor International (appendix2), it is shown that fashion sportswear, which is the hybrid of casual sportswear and fashion wear, is growing more rapidly than other sportswear segments in China market, so the company which can rapidly discover this potential demand and launch the new products will differentiate itself from rivals. Nike and Adidas have experienced substantial growth after they introduced fashion sportswear series, and yet, in this segment Li Ning has left behind other global brands’ steps. Besides, the global sneaker company has also developed new technologies which would be introduced into high end product to differentiate its brand because international consumers believe that global brands usually develop new products and tec hnologies faster than rivals (Holt et al., 2004), such as the Nike Air max 360 (features a foamless mid-sole technology), the Adidas 1 (includes a microprocessor technology)(http://www.scribd.com/doc/39006282/Athletic-Footwear-Industry-Analysis accessed 22 April 2011). In short, there is still a long way to go for Li Ning to catch up with those global brands in new product development and the range of product line, especially in new technologies and high end products. Now Li Ning, which established two RD centres abroad, has recognized product research and development as one of important steps to its internationalization strategy. Making full use of that can help Li Ning develop high-end products which can stimulate its starting point for brand positioning, better satisfy customers’ needs for fashion or performance and also upgrade the brand image. It is also recommended that Li Ning could also try to get access to some professional and well-known designers who have rich experience of customers’ preferences and global fashion trends to design its product. 1.4 Price decision On the basis of pricing strategy prototypes (Solberg et al., 2006), Li Ning falls into the global price follower position. Its price decision can be summarized as follows: first, under the same quality but it is much cheaper than international competitors, meanwhile it provides higher quality, but more expensive than local rivals. Second, Li Ning has to lower down the price in domestic market when larger and more experienced global brands have put pressure on it. Third, Li Ning has limited preparedness for its international attempts and set the price slightly cheaper than Nike and Adidas on its direct access to the foreign market (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). Holt et al. (2004) mentioned that international people think it is rationale for global brand to charge premium price if offering more quality and guarantees than others, three opportunity for Li Ning to reduce the pressure from globally branded counterparts and set a better price to increase its profitability are to identify the ni che market or a new segment or to develop a new technology which is difficult for its rivals to imitate (Solberg et al., 2006). 1.5 International marketing As the increasing level of income and the improving quality of life, the purchase decision among Chinese people less depend on price and functionality, but more on brand image, product design and style (Euromonitor International, 2007). Similarly, the main competition for market share among global brand lies in non-price competitions and the brand loyalty is quite high in this industry, In retrospect to the success of two dominators brands in the sporting goods industry, Nike and Adidas, they have some things in common for their international marketing communication strategy: using extensive marketing campaigns, creative advertising and celebrity endorsements to establish a differentiated brand image (http://www.scribd.com/doc/39006282/Athletic-Footwear-Industry-Analysis accessed 22 April 2011). In addition, due to their leading roles in the global market, they have a financial advantage on marketing and advertising expenditures, also on access to endorsement. Even though Li Ningâ₠¬â„¢s cannot compete with them for these marketing resources, it has also sponsored different international sport events and teams, as well as some world well-known sports stars (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). However, those efforts aimed to increase its brand awareness among Chinese consumers rather than international consumers. Facing those difficulties of establishing popularity with brand-conscious consumers, two feasible strategies may help Li Ning create more targeted advertising and marketing campaigns. First, with the growing fashion trend in sportswear, the celebrity in other areas, such as music or film could also produce the similar influence as sports celebrity on younger targets, so using music celebrity endorsement may rejuvenate the brand image and enlarge the potential buying groups which not only includes the sports fans. Second, Li Ning can sponsor some competition like basketball, soccer or running at region level to fit targets’ particular needs. After all, the quality and suitability to the wearer are more convincing than other factors. 1.6 Distribution agreements The management of existing domestic channel distributors and the access to distribution opportunities in global markets constitute another barrier for Li Ning’s internationalization attempts. In terms of the domestic market, Li Ning has took the leading role of establishing a national franchised distribution system in 1993 (http://brand.icxo.com/htmlnews/2008/08/13/1304126_0.htm accessed 26 April 2011) and this entry mode helps its open average 840 stores per year mainly focus on second- and third- tier cities from 2004 to 2008 (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). Second, Li Ning also has its wholly ownership retail stores- 11 flagship stores located in major first- tier cities, but they are only accounts for 7.8% of Li Ning’ total revenues, others generated from sales to franchised distributors ibid. Third, with the rise of e-commerce, Li Ning cooperated with two big online trade platforms, ‘taobao and tanyou’ to launch the online sportswear store in 2008 (http://bra nd.icxo.com/htmlnews/2008/08/13/1304126_0.htm accessed 26 April 2011). This marketing alliance gathers each advantage, and also let Li Ning gain the knowledge about e-channel which has laid a good foundation for setting up its official online store in 2010 and optimizing the new official website ibid. However, the network channel seems be lack of the interaction between customers and products, so the online shop could be better used to disseminate and strengthen its brand image rather than generate revenue. With regard to the global market, the big brand company prefer to select the local distributors with experienced management teams, nationwide distribution abilities and sufficient resources to help them expand its global market rapidly (Frost Sullivan, 2008). Besides, the prominence of a brand among global customers also has an important impact on retailers, so retail stores would be more likely to leave shelf space for the brand which has established a history of good sales (tttp://www.scribd.com/doc/39006282/Athletic-Footwear-Industry-Analysis accessed 22 April 2011). Therefore, the small scale of Li Ning means it has no position to compete with Nike and Adidas in local distributors when entering a new market. Li Ning has to work harder on overcoming the relationships with foreign retailers who may narrow its entry to the foreign market and having its goods seen comparing to its international rivals. Apart from that, franchising and running its own name stores could be considered, both of them can boost company brand presence and are high control of assets, but meanwhile the former one involves complex operation procedure and long time to select and the later relates a high risk and high investment. 1.7 Culture dimensions Hofstede (1994) defined that the category of people which shares the different cultures can be a nation, region †¦, gender culture or age group. Foremost, it is important for Li Ning to assess the cultural differences among regions of China, first-tier cities versus other less developed regions. Consumes in different regions of China have their own distinct characteristics and shopping preferences. Second, ‘power distance’, one of Hofstede’s (1994) national culture differences dimensions, refers to the level of inequality between followers and leaders, should be considered among Chinese young urban consumers who are more fashion demands on sportswear and more brand-consciousness (Frost Sullivan, 2008). In order to display their identity and personal value among their reference groups, they are more likely to spend on global brand. Even one may feel ‘lose face’ if he or she wears with a local brand compared to others who wear the global brand. Th us, if Li Ning not redefines its brand image or just simply pretending to be western, it is unable to compete with those high-ended international brands among Chinese young urban consumers in first-tier cities of China. Additionally, organisation culture management is another factor should not be neglected on Li Ning’s way to be a global brand. The brand culture is derived from the company culture, so the primary task for a strong global brand is to build its unique company culture and transfer the company into a modern management enterprise. Originally, Li Ning grew from a family business which later becomes a big obstacle to the development of the brand. The incoherence between enterprise management mode and its business development urge Li Ning reform the enterprise personnel and recruit professional talents in production, research, marketing and other areas (http://pp.hw01.com/a/1003/10/1210467_2.htm accessed 24 April 2011). Soon afterwards the specialization and standardization of the management help the company experience a rapid growth in business. 2. Considering the current stage of the internationalization of the company, for a market of your choice, develop a foreign market entry strategy. Li Ning makes many efforts step by step and has gained a little experience in exploring the foreign market and during the period of 2008 Beijing Olympic Game, Li Ning has become a brand widely recognized in the west due to the fact that its founder lighted the Olympic flame wearing Li Ning’s shoes magically (English website). Besides, at the end of June, 2011, Li Ning launched its new logo and English slogan to refresh its global brand image. All those efforts make clear that Li Ning has fully prepared to expand to the foreign market and it is worth learning that all possible entry strategies must share one element which the essential for the success of internationalization, that is, commitment (Yip et al., 2000). Specifically, many aspects of the firm should be committed to the entry market: organization structure, human recourses, marketing mix strategies and market research ibid. The rest of this essay will respectively focus on the choice of which country to enter and the related entry mode and key marketing mix activities. 2.1 The choice criteria for the market chosen Based on Whitelock’s (2002) summary of international market entry method, a comprehensive market entry decision cannot disassociate different approaches from one to another, so the choice criteria for the US market relies on the combination of experience-related, resource-related and competition-related considerations (Madhok, 1996). Experience-related considerations drawn from the Uppsala model will be assessed firstly. This model put an emphasis on a firm’s previous experience and the capabilities acquired from that (Madhok, 1996), also considers the concept of ‘psychic distance’ which refers to firms are suggested to entering the market which is psychically close and they have certain knowledge basis to reduce the uncertainties and risks in the process of internationalization (Whitelock, 2002). According to Hofstede’s (1994) summary of five dimensions of national culture differences, China and the Unite State have a big difference in cultural background, and the extended psychic distance seems more problematic for Li Ning in terms of understanding the American culture and being lack of local customers’ preferences and behaviours. However, if Li Ning enters into some cultural similar market, like some Asian countries, lower brand awareness and risks still exist. Besides, the ne gative effect of a Chinese brand also set a barrier to enter in those psychically close markets. Instead, if Li Ning could have a good performance in the US market, then its status of an international brand will not be questioned; at the same time, some previous efforts made in the US market, such as indirect export activities, the establishment of RD centre and a small retail store, can also bring a lot of feedback and information about the US sportswear industry and the local customers. Second, resources-related considerations mainly focus on the characteristic of the environment and interactive networks in it. From the tables in appendix 3, it is shown that US is the largest globally sportswear market and holds in the top position in the total sportswear expenditure per capita in 2008 (approximately $232.8) which was far more than that in China (approximately $7.4). Moreover, the sportswear expenditure in 2008 represented 0.49% of the US GDP per capita (Chu, 2010). On the other hand, the US sportswear industry seemed to be affected by the global financial crisis and increased by only 0.5% in 2010, but this industry may experience a promising rise after the economic recovery (Frost Sullivan, 2010). As far as the relationship with potential consumers is concerned, the prosperity of a good interaction lies in effective marketing strategies including celebrity endorsement, creative advertising and technological expertise in product design ibid. Similarly, those style- conscious and image-conscious consumers respond will them with more brand-consciousness and stronger brand loyalty. In terms of competition-related considerations, two elements should be addressed: the intensity of competition in the entry market and Li Ning’s strategic brand positioning. Undeniably, the sportswear industry of US market is a relatively mature industry which is dominated by a few large firms, such as Nike and Adidas who have already gained their strong brand image; Nike’s products are considered to be high quality and stylish, while superior performance and professional are associated with Adidas (copy). Additionally, there are some relatively high entries barriers set by them, such as higher brand awareness, unique brand image, and established agreements with big named athletes, celebrities and retailers. They even launch the product for every sector of the market in terms of price and intended purpose (for performance, lifestyle or fashion) ibid. However, some smaller firms which specialize in particular purpose of shoes can also successfully capture particular segm ent in the US market, such as K-Swiss in tennis, Vans in skate and lifestyle shoe ibid. In summary, there are three reasons to support Li Ning enter into the US market: First, previous efforts made and the network built in that market. Second, the big US sportswear market size and the potential market opportunity seem very attractive for Li Ning’s foreign expansion. Third, the success cases of sportswear firms who target at the niche market or design for a particular activity in such a competitive environment also contribute to Li Ning’s entry strategy. 2.2 The analysis of market entry strategy After deciding which market to enter, the firm should concentrate on how to go there, that is the selection of entry mode. Yip et al. (2000, p.15) stated that various entry modes-export strategies, licensing, franchising, joint ventures and others â€Å"differ in the degree of control the firm exerts on foreign operations.† Several recommendations on that will be given then. First, Li Ning has adopted a few entry modes to test the US market previously, including indirectly exporting its products to the American market at the beginning of the 1990s, building a small RD centres in Portland in 2008 and more recently establishing its first US retail stores in Portland (case) and the purpose of doing that is to acquire some local resources and experience to better understanding the US market. Because of the fierce competition in the US sportswear industry, great control on channels, high brand presence and local expertise should be Li Ning’s priority to select the entry mode, so the suitable entry strategy could be the combination of direct export through both company owned overseas facilities and some local well-known retailers, such as Footlocker, Finish Line, and franchising. Meanwhile, those entry modes involve relatively moderate control and investment in marketing channel activities by the parent firm (Goodnow and Hansz, 1972), as well as certain risks. Besides, the United States market which shows a greater equality among society level and has a more stable cultural environment could be an advantage to pursue an entry strategy involving greater control and investment in marketing channel activity. Second, the image and positioning of distributors or partners is a very important criterion. Based on Arnold’s (2000) seven rules of international distribution, it is not necessary to look for the best distributor who has already served major customers with similar product line. The choice of partners should regard the distributor with an image or strategy which is in line with the brand image Li Ning wants to maintain. For example, if Li Ning decides to position itself as mid- to high-end sportswear marketer in the US market, it should not choose any discounted retailer or other partners who may lower Li Ning’s brand image and may cooperate with some retailers who specialize in stocking goods with high price point and the newest trends. Third, the e-commerce of the United State is well developed, but online stores are only used by few shoes retailers and sportswear makers, so it is too early to evaluate its effects. However, making full use of the e-commerce can make up Li Ning’s limited access to local distributors and sports celebrities, and this business model is cost-saving and low risky. However, choosing the right entry mode is only the necessary condition due to the possibility of country-specific problems and contingency. In order to enhance the possibility of successfully entering a new market, some cultural dimensions between China and Unite State cannot be neglected. First, according to Hofstede’s (1994) summary of dimensions of national culture differences, China (20) and Unite State (91) lie in the two extreme sides of the individualism dimension which indicate China is a society with collectivist culture and strong relationships among members, families and groups, while the population of the United State are more individualistic and self-reliant attitudes and relatively loose bonds with others ibid. This difference may result in consumers’ various responds to promotion strategies. Word of mouth and reference groups seem more effective among Chinese consumers. Second, similarly, the comparison in power distance dimension also displays a big gap. There is a high level of inequality of power and wealth within the Chinese society that means consumers more prefer to choose the brand which is desired by many people or can represent their social status and high standard of living; however the United States shows a greater equality among society level and has a more stable cultural environment. Thus, an in-depth research about the real reason for US consumers’ brand loyalty needs to be conducted, whether the unique brand image, celebrity effects or the product design. 2.3 Key marketing mix activities for initial entry to the US market The related products and marketing mix activities should meet the common needs of local customers, so before achieving the US market, the firm should identify the US sportswear market segment and decide its product and brand positioning. Li Ning does not have clear targeted segmentation in China and the brand positioning is also very vague, but compared with other rivals in domestic market, Li Ning’ brand tends to focus on mass to mid-end markets both in sports footwear and apparel and the price also set in the middle level (Chu, 2010). Next, some specific suggestions will be given in the following aspects: product portfolio, brand positioning, price decision and the marketing communication strategy. First, sports products can be designed for various sports areas. Li Ning positions itself as the global brand for running and badminton because of the fact that Adidas covered football area and Nike firmly held the basketball area worldwide (case). Linked to the condition in the US market, running footwear has been experiencing the biggest growth and its sales accounts for 25% of total athletic shoe sales (copy). Thus, the running product is suggested to be the focused product category for Li Ning. Then according to the consumer-specific usage with the running product, consumers can be divided into three segments: performance-orientated, causal-orientated and fashion-orientated customers; and this division can also be used in the domestic market. Another point cannot be ignored is the unity of product size system with the target region must be implemented because normally foreign people have larger-size feet. Li Ning has experienced the consequence of this defect by closing its Maast richt store in Netherlands (Meuer and DiVito, 2010). Actually, Li Ning has learned from the former lesson and remodelled the size of its product with the same method which Nike and Adidas have used. Regarding the brand positioning, Li Ning needs a strategic brand positioning to break out the US market. Li Ning has currently developed a big multi-brand family in domestic market including the well-known Li Ning brand, the French top outdoor brand- AIGLE, the international leading brand in badminton and pingpang- Hongshuangxi and a hypermarket brand advocated fast fashion- ZDO. In order to avoid foreign consumers linking the low price to the brand and lower the brand image, it is better to only establish and launch the high-end brand in the US market at first. Thinking of the price decision of the US market, Nike, such a big global brand, also launches low price product to reach all areas of the market (copy), so it is risky to compete with them in the US market by adopting a low price strategy. To be a global price follower is more appropriate for Li Ning to first enter the US market, so Li Ning need to obtain some formal marketing research about market intensity information and the average retail price of the US market from local agencies and rivals’ company reports, then picks up the leading competitor based on the product positioning and set the price which closely follows its rival’s price of similar product. Furthermore, the price decision should always be in line with the brand positioning. As Nagle and Holden (1995) claimed, price can be used as a competitive tool only when the company seeks more advantages by offering a less expensive product but with same values than its competitors. Thus, overall middle to high pri ce brackets should be applied in the US market due to the high brand positioning of Li Ning’s product. Finally, referring to the marketing communication strategy, creative advertising, celebrity endorsement and sponsoring events all play an important role in helping the company build a good brand image and gain the popularity in the US market. On one hand, the design of local advertising is very important. Li Ning can cooperate with some local professional agencies specialize in branding and advertising which may maximize their local resources, knowledge and experience to better deliver the brand message. On the other hand, although the excellent performance on 2008 Beijing Olympic Games has vigorously promoting Li Ning’s brand to the whole world, owing to those global brand’s unbeatable economies of scale and scope as well as financial advantages in their home market, Li Ning has to make use of some specific local collaboration or sponsorship to promote its products, such as the athletics competition at regional or national level, the NBA basketball competition, some lo cal running community. References Arnold, D. (2000), â€Å"Seven Rules of International Distribution†, Harvard Business Review, Vol. (Nov-Dec), pp. 131 – 137. Burkitt, L., â€Å"Li Ning takes on Nike, Adidas†, The Wall Street Journal, Index 18, September 29, 2010. Hofstede, G. (1994), â€Å"The Business of International Business is Culture†, International Business Review, Vol. 3(1), pp. 1-14. Holt, D.B., Quelch, J.A. and Taylor, E.L. (2004) â€Å"How Global Brands Compete†, Harvard Business Review, September, pp. 68 – 75. 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